Isishwankathelo
Umtshini womlilo sisixhobo esisetyenziswa kwi-alam yomlilo ezenzekelayo yokukhusela umlilo ukufumanisa indawo kunye nokufumana umlilo.Umtshini womlilo "lilungu loluvo" lwenkqubo, kwaye umsebenzi walo kukubeka iliso ukuba kukho umlilo kwindalo.Xa kukho umlilo, iimpawu ezibonakalayo zomlilo, ezifana neqondo lobushushu, umsi, igesi kunye nobunzulu bemitha, ziguqulwa zibe ziimpawu zombane, kwaye isignali ye-alam ithunyelwa kwisilawuli se-alam ngoko nangoko.
Wumgaqo wokusebenza
Into enovakalelo: Njengenxalenye yolwakhiwo lwesixhobo sokujonga umlilo, into enovakalelo inokuguqula iimpawu ezibonakalayo zomlilo zibe ziimpawu zombane.
Isekethe: Yandisa isignali yombane eguqulwa yinto enovakalelo kwaye uyiqhube kwisignali efunwa ngumlawuli we-alam yomlilo.
1. ukuguqulwa kwesekethe
Iguqula imveliso yesignali yombane yinto enovakalelo ibe ngumqondiso we-alamu kunye ne-amplitude ethile kunye nokuhambelana neemfuno zomlawuli we-alamu yomlilo.Ngokuqhelekileyo kubandakanya iisekethe ezihambelanayo, iisekethe ze-amplifier kunye neesekethe zomda.Ukuqulunqwa kwesekethe ethile kuxhomekeke kuhlobo lwesiginali esetyenziswa sisixokelelwano se-alam, njengesixhobo sombane okanye isiginali yenyathelo langoku, isiginali ye-pulse, isignali yefrikhwensi yomthwali kunye nesiginali yedijithali.
2. I-Anti-interference circuit
Ngenxa yeemeko zangaphandle zokusingqongileyo, ezinje ngeqondo lobushushu, isantya somoya, intsimi eyomeleleyo ye-electromagnetic, ukukhanya okungeyonyani kunye nezinye izinto, ukusebenza okuqhelekileyo kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezixhobo zokujongisisa kuya kuchaphazeleka, okanye imiqondiso yobuxoki inokubangelwa ukuba ibangele ii-alamu zobuxoki.Ngoko ke, umtshini kufuneka uxhotyiswe ngesiphaluka esichasene ne-jamming ukuphucula ukuthembeka kwayo.Ngokuqhelekileyo ezisetyenziswayo zizihluzi, iisekethe zokulibaziseka, iisekethe zokudibanisa, iisekethe zembuyekezo, njl.
3. khusela isiphaluka
Isetyenziselwa ukubeka esweni ii-detectors kunye nokusilela komgca wothumelo.Jonga ukuba isekethe yovavanyo, amacandelo kunye namacandelo akwimeko entle, jonga ukuba i-detector isebenza ngokuqhelekileyo;khangela ukuba umgca wothumelo uqhelekile (njengokungathi ucingo oludibanisayo phakathi komtshini kunye nomlawuli we-alarm yomlilo uxhunyiwe).Iquka isekethe yokubeka iliso kunye nesekethe yokuhlola.
4. Ukubonisa isekethe
Isetyenziselwa ukubonisa ukuba ingaba isixhobo siyasebenza na.Emva kokuba isibonisi sihamba, kufuneka sibonise umqondiso wodwa.Olu hlobo lomboniso wokuzenzela lukholisa ukuseta isikhanyiso somqondiso wesenzo kwisixhobo, esibizwa ngokuba sisibane sokuqinisekisa.
5. I-Interface Circuit
Isetyenziselwa ukugqiba uxhulumaniso lombane phakathi komtshini womlilo kunye nomlawuli we-alamu yomlilo, igalelo kunye nesiphumo somqondiso, kunye nokukhusela umtshini kumonakalo ngenxa yeempazamo zokufakela.
Sisakhiwo somatshini se-detector.Umsebenzi wayo kukudibanisa izinto eziphilayo ezifana nezinto zokubona, iibhodi eziprintiweyo zesekethe, izihlanganisi, izibane zokuqinisekisa kunye ne-fasteners zibe enye, ukuqinisekisa amandla athile omatshini kunye nokufezekisa ukusebenza kombane okuchaziweyo, ukuze kuthintelwe indawo engqongileyo njengomthombo wokukhanya, ukukhanya. umthombo, ukukhanya kwelanga, uthuli, ukuhamba komoya, amaza e-electromagnetic aphezulu-frequency kunye nokunye ukuphazamiseka kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwamandla oomatshini.
Aisicelo
Inkqubo ye-alarm yomlilo ezenzekelayo iquka umtshini womlilo kunye nomlawuli we-alamu yomlilo.Xa kukho umlilo, iimpawu ezibonakalayo zomlilo, ezifana nobushushu, umsi, igesi kunye nokukhanya okukhazimulayo, ziguqulwa zibe ziimpawu zombane kwaye zisebenze ngokukhawuleza ukuthumela isignali ye-alam kwisilawuli se-alam yomlilo.Ngezihlandlo ezivuthayo kunye neziqhushumbisi, umtshini womlilo ufumanisa ubukhulu becala i-gas concentration kwindawo ejikelezileyo, kunye ne-alamu ngaphambi kokuba ugxininiso lufike kumda ophantsi.Kwiimeko zomntu ngamnye, ii-fire detectors ziyakwazi ukubona uxinzelelo kunye namaza omsindo.
Ukuhlelwa
(1) Isikhangeli somlilo esishushu: Esi sisixhobo sokujonga umlilo esisabela kubushushu obungaqhelekanga, izinga lokunyuka kobushushu kunye nokwahluka kobushushu.Iyakwazi ukwahlula-hlulwa ibe yi-fire detectors ye-fire-fire-fire detectors ephendula xa iqondo lokushisa lifikelela okanye lidlula ixabiso elimiselweyo;i-different fire detectors eziphendula xa izinga lokufudumeza lidlula ixabiso elichazwe kwangaphambili: i-different fixed fire fire detectors - Isixhobo somlilo esibona ubushushu kunye neqondo lokushisa elihlukeneyo kunye nemisebenzi yokushisa rhoqo.Ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwamacandelo ahlukeneyo abuthathaka, afana ne-thermistors, i-thermocouples, i-bimetals, i-fusible metals, iibhokisi ze-membrane kunye ne-semiconductors, i-detectors yomlilo ehlukeneyo yokushisa inokufumaneka.
(2) Umtshini womsi: Lo ngumtshini womlilo ophendula kwiincinci eziqinileyo okanye ezinolwelo eziveliswa ngokutsha okanye ipyrolysis.Ngenxa yokuba inokubona ingxinano yee-aerosols okanye amasuntswana omsi oveliswa kwasekuqaleni kokutsha kwezinto, amanye amazwe abiza izixhobo zokuva umsi ngokuthi “zibonwa kwangethuba”.I-aerosol okanye iinqununu zomsi zinokuguqula ukukhanya kokukhanya, ukunciphisa i-ionic yangoku kwigumbi le-ionization kunye nokuguqula iimpawu ezithile ze-electrolytic semiconductor eqhubekayo ye-air capacitors.Ke ngoko, izixhobo zokujonga umsi zinokuhlulwa zibe luhlobo lwe-ion, uhlobo lwe-photoelectric, uhlobo lwe-capacitive kunye nohlobo lwe-semiconductor.Phakathi kwazo, i-photoelectric detectors yomsi ingahlulwa ibe ziindidi ezimbini: uhlobo lokunciphisa ukukhanya (usebenzisa umgaqo wokuthintela umzila wokukhanya ngamasuntswana omsi) kunye nohlobo lwe-astigmatism (ukusebenzisa umgaqo wokusabalalisa ukukhanya ngamasuntswana omsi).
(3) Izixhobo zokujonga umlilo ezifotayo: Izixhobo zokujonga umlilo ezifotayo zikwabizwa ngokuba zizixhobo zokujonga amadangatye.Esi sisixhobo somlilo esisabela kwi-infrared, i-ultraviolet, kunye nokukhanya okubonakalayo okuvezwa ngumlilo.Kukho ubukhulu becala iindidi ezimbini zohlobo lomlilo we-infrared kunye nohlobo lomlilo we-ultraviolet.
(4) Umtshini womlilo wegesi: Esi sisixhobo somlilo esiphendula kwiigesi eziveliswa ngokutsha okanye i-pyrolysis.Kwiimeko ezivuthayo kunye neziqhushumbisi, ukuxinwa kwegesi (uthuli) kufunyenwe ngokukodwa, kwaye i-alamu ilungiswa ngokubanzi xa i-concentration i-1 / 5-1 / 6 ye-concentration ye-concentration ephantsi.Izinto zokuva ezisetyenziselwa i-gas fire detectors ukufumanisa i-gas (uthuli) ugxininiso lubandakanya i-platinum wire, i-diamond palladium (izinto ezimnyama nezimhlophe) kunye ne-metal oxide semiconductors (njenge-oxides yensimbi, i-perovskite crystals kunye ne-spinel).
5Ubukhulu becala kukho izixhobo ezibona ubushushu bomsi, izixhobo zokujonga umsi ezibona ubushushu, izixhobo zokujonga umlilo ezibona ubushushu, njl.njl.
Isikhokelo sokhetho
1. Kwiindawo ezininzi ngokubanzi, njengamagumbi ehotele, kudederhu lweevenkile, izakhiwo zeeofisi, njl.njl., kufanele kusetyenziswe izixhobo zokujonga umsi eziluhlobo lwendawo, yaye kufanele kukhethwe izixhobo zokujonga umsi ezithatha umbane.Ngezihlandlo ezinomsi omnyama omninzi, kufuneka kusetyenziswe izixhobo zokujonga umsi we-ion.
2. Kwiindawo apho kungafanelekanga ukufakela okanye ukufaka izixhobo zokujonga umsi ezinokubangela izilumkiso zobuxoki, okanye apho kukho umsi omncinci kunye nokunyuka kweqondo lobushushu ngokukhawuleza xa kuvela umlilo, kufuneka kusetyenziswe izixhobo zokujonga umlilo ezifana nezixhobo zokushisa okanye amadangatye.
3. Kwiindawo ezinde, ezinje ngeeholo zemiboniso, iiholo zokulinda, iindibano zocweyo ezinde, njl. njl., kufuneka kusetyenziswe izixhobo zokujonga umsi we-infrared ngokubanzi.Xa iimeko zivuma, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uyidibanise nenkqubo yokubeka iliso kwi-TV, kwaye ukhethe i-alam yomfanekiso wohlobo lwe-alam (i-dual-band flame detectors, i-optical cross-section detectors yomsi)
4. Kwiindawo ezizodwa ezibalulekileyo okanye ezinomngcipheko omkhulu womlilo apho kufuneka ubhaqwe kwangethuba umlilo, njengegumbi lonxibelelwano elibalulekileyo, igumbi elikhulu lekhompyutha, ilebhu yokuhambelana nombane wombane (i-microwave darkroom), indawo yokugcina izinto ezintathu-ntathu, njl. njl., kuyacetyiswa ukuba kusetyenziswe. uvakalelo oluphezulu.Isikhangeli somsi sesimbo somoya.
5. Kwiindawo apho ukuchaneka kwe-alamu kuphezulu, okanye i-alamu yobuxoki iya kubangela ilahleko, i-detector edibeneyo (i-composite yokushisa komsi, i-composite yokukhanya komsi, njl. njl.) kufuneka ikhethwe.
6. Kwiindawo ezifuna ukuqhagamshelwa kulawulo lokucima umlilo, njengokulawula igumbi lekhompyutha ukucima umlilo wegesi, ukulawula inkqubo yokucima umlilo, njl. njl., ukuze kuthintelwe ukusetyenziswa kakubi, kufuneka kusetyenziswe ii-detectors ezimbini nangaphezulu kunye neengcango. ukulawula ukucinywa komlilo, njengokubhaqa umsi wohlobo lwendawo.Kwaye ii-detectors zobushushu, umsi we-infrared beam kunye ne-cable detectors zeqondo lokushisa, umsi kunye ne-flame detectors, njl.
7. Kwiindawo ezinkulu apho indawo yokukhangela ingadingeki ukuba isetyenziswe njengendawo ye-alamu ngokubanzi, njengamagaraji, njl., Ukuze kugcinwe utyalo-mali, i-detectors ye-non-address detectors kufuneka ikhethwe, kwaye ii-detectors ezininzi zabelana ngedilesi enye. .
8. Ngokwe "Khowudi yoYilo lweeGaraji, iiGaraji zokuLungisa kunye neNdawo yokuPaka" kunye neemfuno eziphezulu zangoku zemigangatho yokukhupha imoto, ukuze kuphunyezwe isilumkiso kwangethuba, izixhobo zokujonga umsi kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwiigaraji ezinomoya opholileyo, kodwa kunjalo. kuyimfuneko ukufakela izixhobo zokujonga umsi.Ibekwe kwindawo ephantsi yovakalelo.
Kwezinye iindawo apho isithuba sincinane ngokwentelekiso kwaye noxinaniso lwezinto ezinokutsha ziphezulu, njengaphantsi kwemigangatho ye-electrostatic, imisele yentambo, imingxuma yeentambo, njl., iintambo zokuva ubushushu zinokusetyenziswa.
Mulungiso
Emva kokuba i-detector ifakwe ekusebenzeni iminyaka emi-2, kufuneka icocwe rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-3.Ngoku uthatha i-ion detector njengomzekelo, uthuli olusemoyeni lunamathele kumphezulu womthombo we-radioactive kunye negumbi le-ionization, elinciphisa ukuhamba kwe-ion kwigumbi le-ionization, eliya kwenza ukuba umtshina ulungele ukulumkisa amanga.Umthombo we-radioactive uya kuthotywa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye ukuba umthombo we-radioactive kwi-ionization chamber ugxunyekwe ngaphezu komthombo we-radioactive kwi-reference room, umtshini uya kuba ne-alamu yobuxoki;ngokuchaseneyo, i-alam iya kulibaziseka okanye ingothuki.Ukongezelela, i-parameter drift yamacandelo e-elektroniki kwi-detector ayinakuhoywa, kwaye i-detector ecocekileyo kufuneka ihlaziywe ngombane kwaye ilungiswe.Ngoko ke, emva kokutshintsha umthombo, ukucoca, kunye nokulungelelanisa iiparitha zombane ze-detector, kwaye isalathisi sayo sifikelela kwi-index ye-detector entsha xa ishiya i-factory, ezi zixhobo ezicociweyo zinokutshintshwa.Ngoko ke, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba i-detector inokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo ixesha elide, kuyimfuneko kakhulu ukuthumela i-detector kwifektri yokucoca yobugcisa ukuze ihlaziywe rhoqo kunye nokucoca.
Imibandela efuna ingqalelo
1. Yenza irekhodi yedilesi yezixhobo zomsi ezivavanyiweyo, ukwenzela ukuba ugweme ukuvavanywa ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwinqanaba elifanayo;
2. Kwinkqubo yokongezwa kovavanyo lomsi, bhala ukulibaziseka kwe-alam ye-detector, kwaye ngesishwankathelo sokugqibela, ube nokuqonda ngokubanzi imeko yokusebenza yezixhobo zokujonga umsi kwisikhululo sonke, eli linyathelo elilandelayo ukuba libhaqe. isixhobo somsi.Nika ubungqina bokuba isixhobo sicociwe;
3. Ngexesha lovavanyo, kufuneka kuhlolwe ukuba ngaba idilesi yesixhobo somsi ichanekile, ukuze kulungiswe kwakhona idilesi yesixhobo somsi esinedilesi kunye negumbi elingahambelani nenani ngexesha, ukuze kuthintelwe imiyalelo engalunganga. kulawulo oluphakathi ngexesha lenkqubo yokunceda kwintlekele.igumbi.
Tukulungisa ingxaki
Okokuqala, ngenxa yongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo (njengothuli, umsi oyile, umphunga wamanzi), ngakumbi emva kokungcoliseka kwendalo, umsi okanye izixhobo zokujonga ubushushu ziyakwazi ukuvelisa iialamu zobuxoki kwimozulu efumileyo.Indlela yonyango kukususa umsi okanye ii-detectors zobushushu eziye zathusa ngobuxoki ngenxa yongcoliseko lokusingqongileyo, kwaye uzithumele kubavelisi bezixhobo zokucoca ezichwephesha ukucoca kunye nokufakwa kwakhona.
Okwesibini, i-alamu yobuxoki iveliswa ngenxa yokungaphumeleli kwesiphaluka somsi okanye umtshini wokushisa ngokwawo.Isisombululo kukutshintsha umsi omtsha okanye isixhobo sokubona ubushushu.
Okwesithathu kukuba i-alamu yobuxoki ivela ngenxa yesiphaluka esifutshane kumgca womsi okanye umtshini wokushisa.Indlela yokucubungula ukujonga umgca ohambelana nendawo yephutha, kwaye ufumane inqaku lesiphaluka esifutshane sokucubungula.
Ixesha lokuposa: Nov-26-2022